H y dro g en Production P rogress Update
November 9 ,
22.033 Fall
2011
Rebecca Krentz-W ee Derek Sutherland Ben Nield
L au r e n C hil to n
Presentation Outlin e
• review of UT-3 process
• bl oc k di agram & it era ti ons
• components
o hydrogen separator memb rane
o oxygen separator membr a ne
o calcium reagent structure
o hydrogen storage system
• next steps
UT-3 Process Over v iew
• The UT-3 p rocess consists o f four reactions p roceedin g at the indicated desired tempe r atures. 1
1 H. Kameyama and K. Y o shida. Br - ca - fe water de composition cycles for h ydrogen production. Proc. 2nd, WHEC., pages 829–850, 1978.
Block Diagram - F o r ward
760 o C 560 o C
574 o C 220 o C
Block Diagram - Ba c kwards
574 o C 220 o C
760 o C 560 o C
Forward Mass Flow (Realistic)
Forward Mass Flow (Idealized)
574 o C
Mass Flow - Iteratio n 1
Hydrogen Separator Membrane
|
CVD (TEOS) |
Zr silica |
|
|
Diffusion |
Solution-diffusion |
Solution-diffusion |
|
Permeance [mol m -2 s -1 Pa -1 ] |
4.0 x 10 -8 (stated) |
10.0 x 10 -8 (extrapolated from fig. 6) |
|
Pressure |
2.0 MPa |
2.0 MPa |
|
Area Needed [m 2 ] |
1240 |
496 |
|
Concerns? |
Stability issues: phase transition Poisoning issues: H 2 S, HCl, Co |
Stability issues: phase transition Poisoning issues: H 2 S, HCl, Co |
1 http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3202655
2 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036031999490006X
Oxygen Separator M embrane
• Electrons create negatively
charged oxygen - ions.
Steam +
• Electrodes, temperature and
th e diff eren ti a l par ti a l pressu e o f O2 can be used for transport
• Combination of oxygen-ion conducting
material and electronic conducting material
• Doped CeO2
o 0.1 S/cm
aterials for separation membranes in hydrogen and oxygen producti o n and future powe r generation http://iopscience.iop.org/1468-6996/7/8/A06 >
Calcium Reagent S t ructure
2.
• 76% vo l ume t r i c diff erence be t ween C a O an d C a Br 1
• F ines can form which ma y le a d to p roduct sinterin g after substantial cycling.
• C a TiO 3 i s use d as a bi n d er t integrity of the calcium pellet .
ma i n t a i n th e overa ll s t ruc t ura l
• CaO is distributed as to allo w room for expansion and contraction.
1 Michele A . Lewis, Manuela S erban, and John K . Basco, Hydrogen Production at
<550°C Using a Low T e mperature Thermoch e mical Cycle, Argonne National Laborator y .
Calcium Reagent S t ructure
Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com . Used with permission.
Hydrogen Storage
• want to store 1 day's worth = 9000 kg
• 130 m 3 of liquid hydrogen
Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com . Used with permission.
Refueling/Bio F uel D own/Power Down
• if something goes wrong within hydrogen
o use stored hydrogen f o r 1 day
o shut down if needed f o r longe r
• if biofuels shuts down
o hydrogen also shuts d own
Next Steps
• A na l ys i s us i ng EES , ASPEN
• Individual components
o heat exchangers
o compressors
• Timing of flow switch
• Chemical reactors
o p h y sical size
o solid reactants consumpti o n rate
• Recovery of Br 2 and HBr
Quest ions?
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22.033 / 22.33 Nuclear Systems Design Project
Fall 201 1
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